同一间作坊里，棉花还不是布。小树要追踪一条围巾的两次变化。In the same workshop, cotton is not yet cloth. Mia follows two transformations in making a scarf.
第 1 步：纺：把纤维变成线Step 1: Spinning: fibres into yarn
先解决散纤维的问题。First solve the problem of loose fibres.
纺纱把纤维拉伸并加捻。加捻让纤维相互抱紧。多锭机器同时处理多条线。纺纱速度因此可能提高。Spinning draws out fibres and twists them. Twisting helps fibres hold together. A machine with multiple spindles handles several threads at once. This can increase yarn output.
第 2 步：织：让两组线交错Step 2: Weaving: crossing yarns
有了线，怎样成为一块布？How does yarn become a sheet of cloth?
经线沿布的长度排列。纬线横向穿过经线。织机控制交错顺序。纺纱和织布是不同工序。Warp threads run along the cloth. Weft passes across them. A loom controls the interlacing pattern. Spinning yarn and weaving cloth are different operations.
第 3 步：生产快了，条件也要看Step 3: Output and working conditions
机器更多，所有人都更好吗？Do more machines benefit everyone equally?
机械化能降低单位生产时间。收益如何分配取决于制度。劳动安全和工时也要考虑。评估技术，要同时看产量与人的处境。Mechanization can reduce time per unit. How gains are shared depends on institutions. Safety and working hours matter too. Evaluate both output and people’s conditions.
🎮 机制实验室：观察，再判断🎮 Mechanism lab: observe, then decide
逐行织入纬线。相邻行交错穿过经线，形成平纹示意。Add weft row by row. Adjacent rows alternate over and under the warp to form a plain-weave diagram.
一句话记住它：Remember it:纺纱先成线，织布再成面；效率与劳动条件要一起看。Spin fibres into yarn, weave yarn into cloth; consider efficiency and working conditions together.
纺纱把纤维拉伸并加捻。Spinning draws out fibres and twists them.经线沿布的长度排列。Warp threads run along the cloth.机械化能降低单位生产时间。Mechanization can reduce time per unit.
工序区分：较高把握。机械化对劳动者的影响需要具体时期与地区证据。High confidence in the processes. Effects on workers need evidence for the particular period and place.
核对日期：2026 年 10 月 6 日。文字与配图由 AI 生成；已做来源核对及程序测试，待人工复核。Checked 6 October 2026. Text and illustrations are AI-generated. Sources and software checks were performed; human review is pending.
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